复合活菌制剂对断奶仔猪生长性能及血清溶菌酶含量的影响

选择长白二元杂交断奶仔猪90头进行试验,断奶日龄为35d。共分为五个组,每组设3个重复,每个重复随机选取健康仔猪6头。试验1组:饲喂基础日粮+0.1%复合制剂(纳豆杆菌、双歧杆菌、罗伊氏乳杆菌);试验2组:饲喂基础日粮+0.1%复合制剂(纳豆杆菌、双歧杆菌、干酪乳杆菌);试验3组:饲喂基础日粮+0.1%复合制剂(纳豆杆菌、双歧杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌);试验4组:饲喂基础日粮+0.1%复合制剂(纳豆杆菌、双歧杆菌、罗伊氏乳杆菌、干酪乳杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌)。对照组饲喂基础日粮。其中复合制剂中益生菌活菌数为l09cfu/g。饲养30d后观察复合活菌制剂对断奶仔猪生长性能及血清溶菌酶含量的影响。结果:在日增重、饲料效率及血清溶菌酶方面,试验1组和2组显著高于对照组(P<0.05);在腹泻率方面,试验组均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。研究表明,在仔猪日粮中添加复合活菌制剂可提高每头断奶仔猪平均日增重及饲料效率,降低腹泻的发病率,且增高了仔猪血清溶菌酶含量,提高了仔猪的免疫机能,从而提高了经济效益。     

复方中药水提物对腹水综合征肉鸡肝脏TGF-β1/Smad通路的影响

【目的】 研究转化生长因子β1(transforming growth factor-β 1,TGF-β1)/Smad通路在肉鸡腹水综合征肝纤维化中的作用及复方中药水提物的防治机理。【方法】 选取健康Ross肉鸡258只,常规饲养至7日龄后,随机分为5组:空白组(C);模型组(M),低温、高脂和高蛋白饲料、高钠饮水的多因素法造模;复方中药水提物高、中、低剂量组(T1、T2、T3),在模型组基础上,每天饮水中分别添加2.0、1.0、0.5 g/kg复方中药水提物。观察临床症状和剖检变化,通过HE染色和Masson染色分别观察肉鸡肝脏组织结构变化与胶原纤维沉积,计算15、25、35、45日龄体重变化。利用实时荧光定量PCR检测各日龄肝脏中TGF-β1、转化生长因子β受体Ⅰ(transforming growth factor β receptor Ⅰ,TβRⅠ)、Smad2、Smad3和Smad7基因相对表达量;利用ELISA法检测各日龄肝脏中TGF-β1、TβRⅠ蛋白含量。【结果】 与空白组相比,模型组肉鸡腹部膨大、触压有波动感;腹腔内有大量淡黄色液体,肝脏充血肿胀、质脆,表面有瘀血点;肝脏组织结构紊乱,炎性细胞浸润,胶原纤维大量沉积,肝脏发生纤维化;体重极显著降低(P<0.01);除15日龄TβRⅠ蛋白外,肝脏中TGF-β1、TβRⅠ基因mRNA相对表达量与蛋白含量均极显著或显著升高(P<0.01;P<0.05),Smad2、Smad3基因mRNA相对表达量极显著升高(P<0.01),Smad7基因mRNA相对表达量极显著降低(P<0.01)。与模型组相比,复方中药水提物组的肉鸡上述结果均有不同程度改善,且高剂量组作用效果最显著。【结论】 肝纤维化参与了肉鸡腹水综合征的发生发展,机制与TGF-β1/Smad通路相关;由黄芪、当归、丹参、茯苓等制成的复方中药水提物可以调控TGF-β1/Smad通路,抑制肝纤维化的发生,可有效防治肉鸡腹水综合征。     

复合植物提取物对育肥期苏姜猪胴体性状、肌肉品质及血清指标的影响

[目的] 试验旨在探讨复合植物提取物对育肥期苏姜猪胴体性状、肌肉品质及血清指标的影响。[方法] 将200头120日龄、体重55 kg的健康苏姜猪阉公猪随机分为5组,每组4个重复,每个重复10头。对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮,试验A、B、C、D组分别在基础饲粮中添加100、200、300、400 mg/kg植物提取物（由杜仲、女贞子、五味子按4：3：1混合提取,提取物的主要活性成分为绿原酸、齐墩果酸和木脂素等）。试验预试期7 d,正试期45 d。试验结束后采血并屠宰,测定胴体性状、肌肉成分、肉品质、血清生化指标、抗氧化指标及免疫指标。[结果] B和C组平均背膘厚显著低于对照组（P<0.05）,B组眼肌面积显著高于对照组和A组（P<0.05）。各组间粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、粗灰分等常规肌肉成分均无显著差异（P>0.05）。试验B组大理石纹评分显著高于对照组、A和C组（P<0.05）。B和D组肉色评分显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。B组肌肉红度显著高于对照组和A组（P<0.05）。B组血清总蛋白含量显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。D组血清白蛋白含量显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。A和D组血清MDA含量显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。B组IgA含量显著高于对照组与A组（P<0.05）。其他指标各组间差异均不显著（P>0.05）。[结论] 在苏姜猪育肥期基础饲粮中添加200 mg/kg复合植物提取物有利于改善胴体性状、肌肉品质及血清生化指标,可在苏姜猪的生产中加以应用。     

Characterisation of the saponin hydrolysing enzyme avenacoside-α-l-rhamnosidase from the fungal pathogen of cereals, Stagonospora avenae

The fungal pathogen Stagonospora avenae f. sp. avenaria infects oat leaves, which contain the saponins avenacoside A and B. The avenacosides are glycosylated steroidal saponins that occur within oat leaves in a non-fungitoxic form and are converted upon damage or pathogen invasion to their antifungal form by a plant enzyme. It has previously been shown that oat-attacking isolates of S. avenae are able to hydrolyse the sugar chain at the C3 position of the avenacosides. This carbohydrate moiety is a branched chain that consists of one -{scL}-rhamnose and two or three -{scD}-glucose residues in avenacosides A and B, respectively. Removal of the -{scL}-rhamnose residue is sufficient to detoxify the avenacosides. This work describes the purification of the avenacoside-degrading -{scL}-rhamnosidase–and determination of peptide sequence from the protein which represents the first -{scL}-rhamnosidase thus characterised in a fungal plant pathogen.     

Intradermal skin testing in Hispaniolan parrots (Amazona ventralis)

The purpose of this study was to develop and standardize a protocol for intradermal skin testing in birds. Forty clinically normal Hispaniolan Amazon parrots were anaesthetized and tested by intradermal injection with 0.02 mL of phosphate-buffered saline, histamine phosphate, compound 48/80, codeine phosphate, deionized water, antiavian IgG and rabbit serum. Injection sites were evaluated at 5, 10 and 15 min, 4–6, 24 and 48 h following injection using callipers to measure the diameter of the wheals. A second intradermal skin test was repeated in 20 birds with 0.03 mL of saline, compound 48/80 and codeine phosphate. This study provides the basis for an appropriate protocol for intradermal skin testing in parrots, including recommended site (proventer region), volume of injection (0.02 mL), negative control (saline), positive control (codeine phosphate 1 : 100 000 w/v) and optimum reading time (5 min). Further study to establish appropriate dosages for test antigen will be required.     

四种市售鸡饲料中铜,锌,铬含量的测定与分析

用原子吸收分光光度法测定了四种市售鸡饲料中铜、锌、铬的含量,通过分析发现各饲料产品中铬的含量均超过标准,其中有一厂家的两种饲料严重超标。另有三种饲料样品中的锌含量超过推荐量,各产品中铜的含量基本正常。笔者认为目前各饲料生产企业较为普遍地存在着滥用重金属类微量元素的现象,希望引起各有关生产企业的重视     

Resistance of E.coli from Fur-bearing Animals to Fluoroquinolones and Compound Chinese Medicine

The aim of this study was to investigate the resistance to fluoroquinolones and compound Chinese medicine, and control colibacillosis in fur-bearing animals.14 E.coli strains isolated from diseased fur-bearing animals were detected by PCR for the fluoroquinolone-resistant gyrA gene,and then the PCR fragment of gyrA gene was cloned,sequenced and analyzed for homology.Afterwards,the fragment was labeled with digoxigenin as DNA probe for dot-blot hybridization detection.The resistance to compound Chinese medicine was detected by Oxford-cup tests.The results demonstrated that the positive rates of PCR and dot-blot hybridization were 57.1% and 50.0%,respectively.Only 28.6% of the E.coli strains were resistant to compound Chinese medicine.The results indicated that the resistance to fluoroquinolones in E.coli strains from fur-bearing animals was severe,however,the isolates were much more sensitive to compound Chinese medicine.The results would provide basis for control of colibacillosis of fur-bearing animals.     

大蒜、辣椒混合物对夏季蛋鸡生产性能、血清生化指标及蛋品质的影响

本试验旨在探明混合物中大蒜、辣椒对夏季高温期蛋鸡生产性能与血液生化指标及蛋品质的影响。该研究选用600只31周龄健康苏禽绿壳蛋鸡,分为10组,每组4个重复,每个重复15只鸡,分别饲喂10种饲粮：大蒜(2.50、5.00、7.50 g/kg)和辣椒(1.50、2.00、2.50 g/kg)剂量以3×3双因子组合,再添加果寡糖、枯草芽孢杆菌和柠檬酸形成9种,混合物分别加入基础饲粮中,制成9种试验饲粮;对照组饲粮不含大蒜和辣椒,其他成分与试验饲粮相同。预试期1周,正试期6周。结果表明：1)大蒜或辣椒剂量对蛋鸡末体重、产蛋率和平均每日总蛋重影响差异不显著( P>0.05),但显著或极显著影响采食量和料蛋比( P<0.05或P<0.01);对末体重、平均蛋重、采食量、料蛋比和平均每日总蛋重,大蒜和辣椒剂量表现出显著或极显著互作效应(P<0.05或P<0.01)。2)大蒜剂量显著影响血清肌酸激酶活性,但大蒜和辣椒剂量对乳酸脱氢酶和肌酸激酶活性无显著互作效应(P>0.05);大蒜剂量对磷离子浓度影响显著(P<0.05),而对钾、钠、氯、钙离子浓度影响不显著(P>0.05)。3)大蒜剂量显著影响蛋壳强度(P<0.05),辣椒剂量极显著影响蛋黄颜色( P<0.01),对其他鸡蛋品质指标影响不显著( P>0.05),大蒜和辣椒剂量对蛋黄颜色存在显著互作效应( P<0.05)。由此可见,饲粮中适量的大蒜和辣椒对夏季高温期苏禽绿壳蛋鸡生产性能与机体抗热应激能力及蛋品质的提升有利。     

Performance of a new carbon dioxide absorbent,Yabashi lime? as compared to conventional carbon dioxide absorbent during sevoflurane anesthesia in dogs

In the present study, we compare a new carbon dioxide (CO₂) absorbent, Yabashi lime^® with a conventional CO₂ absorbent, Sodasorb^® as a control CO₂ absorbent for Compound A (CA) and Carbon monoxide (CO) productions. Four dogs were anesthetized with sevoflurane. Each dog was anesthetized with four preparations, Yabashi lime^® with high or low-flow rate of oxygen and control CO₂ absorbent with high or low-flow rate. CA and CO concentrations in the anesthetic circuit, canister temperature and carbooxyhemoglobin (COHb) concentration in the blood were measured. Yabashi lime^® did not produce CA. Control CO₂ absorbent generated CA, and its concentration was significantly higher in low-flow rate than a high-flow rate. CO was generated only in low-flow rate groups, but there was no significance between Yabashi lime^® groups and control CO₂ absorbent groups. However, the CO concentration in the circuit could not be detected (≤5ppm), and no change was found in COHb level. Canister temperature was significantly higher in low-flow rate groups than high-flow rate groups. Furthermore, in low-flow rate groups, the lower layer of canister temperature in control CO₂ absorbent group was significantly higher than Yabashi lime^® group. CA and CO productions are thought to be related to the composition of CO₂ absorbent, flow rate and canister temperature. Though CO concentration is equal, it might be safer to use Yabashi lime^® with sevoflurane anesthesia in dogs than conventional CO₂ absorbent at the point of CA production.     

板栗实腐病潜伏侵染和发病机理的研究

在栗果发育和采后贮藏过程中，定期测定了栗果组织中酚类物质、可溶性糖、淀粉等物质的含量及带菌率和发病率，并测定了成熟栗果失水过程中种子生活力和几种生理指标的变化。在栗果发育阶段，总苞、花柱、果皮、种皮中酚类物质的含量，均在1mg．g^-1鲜重以上，明显超过离体条件下邻苯二酚对4种病菌菌丝生长产生显著抑制作用的0．5mg．g^-1的浓度；花柱、栗苞、果皮组织中均有一定数量的病菌分布，但不表现症状；这表明栗果发育期栗实腐病菌处于潜伏状态与栗果组织中高含量的酚类物质有关。栗果成熟时，果皮中酚类物质含量急剧减少，减弱了对病菌的抑制作用。采收后种子随含水量减少，种子发芽指数下降，脂质过氧化物含量增加，细胞膜透性增大；种子失水超过10％时，种子发芽率开始下降，自由基清除剂超氧物岐化酶(S0D)，过氧化物酶(POD)活性明显降低，并诱发出病害。病害发生的临界含水量与种子发芽率开始下降时的含水量值相近，表明种子失水降低了种子的抗病力。随着淀粉水解，可溶性糖含量增加，病原菌解除潜伏，导致发病。